subsidy: 정부·공공 재정 지원을 정확히 쓰는 법

subsidy는 정부·공공기관·단체가 특정 산업·집단·개인에게 제공하는 재정 지원을 가리키는 가산 명사입니다. 가격을 낮추거나 비용을 상쇄하고, 특정 행동을 유도하기 위한 정책 수단으로 널리 쓰입니다.

발음: /ˈsʌbsɪdi/
품사: 명사(C)

참고 읽을거리

핵심 의미와 범주

가산 명사: a subsidy; subsidies
for/to/on/of와 자주 결합
- a subsidy for low-income families
- a subsidy to farmers
- a subsidy on fuel
- a subsidy of $500 per month

미니 체크

동사: grant/provide/offer/extend, apply for / be eligible for, increase/raise / cut/scrap / phase out
형용사: state-funded, generous, direct, targeted, temporary, per-unit
결합어: subsidy program/scheme/cap/level/leakage/pass-through

간단 비교표

항목	지급 시점	수혜 대상	회계처리/재정영향
Subsidy(현금)	사전/동시	기업·가계	예산 지출로 계상
Tax credit(세액공제)	사후(신고 시)	납세자	세입 감소(간접 보조)
Rebate(환급)	사후	구매자	지출 또는 세입 조정
Grant	일회성	기관·개인	예산 지출

grant/provide a subsidy, apply for a subsidy, be eligible for a subsidy
raise/cut/scrap/phase out subsidies
state-funded/targeted/temporary subsidy
subsidy cap/level, subsidy leakage, pass-through to prices

The government introduced fuel subsidies to cushion households from rising prices.
Small farms can apply for a subsidy of up to €5,000.
The city plans to phase out parking subsidies over three years.
Critics call it an indirect subsidy delivered through tax breaks.
A targeted subsidy is more efficient than a blanket price control.
Higher urban fares are used as a cross-subsidy for rural routes.
Without export subsidies, the firm would lose price competitiveness.
They set a cap on subsidies to limit fiscal risk.

We will introduce a targeted subsidy for [beneficiaries] to offset rising [cost].
Eligible households will receive a subsidy of [amount] per [period], funded by [source].

To improve efficiency and reduce fiscal risk, we will phase out [subsidy type] over [timeline], with transitional support for affected groups.

Option A raises the subsidy cap to [X], increasing fiscal cost by [Y%].
Option B shifts support from universal to means-tested subsidies, reducing leakage.